Download presentation on the chemistry of oxygen. Chemistry presentation on the topic "oxygen"

Oxygen

travel

Lavoisier Antoine Laurent

French chemist. One of the founders of classical chemistry. Introduced rigorous quantitative research methods into chemistry. He laid the foundation for the refutation of the theory of phlogiston. Got oxygen. He proved the complex composition of atmospheric air containing oxygen and "suffocating air" (nitrogen). He proved the complex composition of water, establishing that it consists of oxygen and hydrogen.

"Oxygen is the substance around which all terrestrial chemistry revolves."

(J. Berzelius)

« Living organisms drink air in order to

to take in oxygen.

(D. I. Mendeleev)

« The first duty of one who wants to become healthy is to purify the air around him.

(R. Roland)

What do you know about oxygen?

And what do you want to know about it?

The purpose of the lesson:

Which scientists

worked

with oxygen?

Oxygen

What is

catalyst?

Discovery history

How to get

oxygen

Finding

in nature

Physical Properties

The purpose of the lesson:

• learn the value of oxygen
• learn the history of the discovery of oxygen
• learn the physical properties of oxygen
• learn to characterize

oxygen as a chemical element and

like a simple substance

• learn about being in nature
• Learn about getting oxygen.

"Historical and informational"

• He is everywhere and everywhere: In the earth, in the air, in the water. He is in the morning dew, And in the blue sky.

general characteristics

Chemical sign - O

Ordinal number - 8

Chemical formula - O 2

Molar mass M (O 2) \u003d 32g / mol

Valency - II

Group - 6 A

Period - 2

• Oxygen is the eighth in a row, If weight is taken as a measure. If the measure is a place in life, The number must be changed.

• The gas is colorless, tasteless, odorless.
• Heavier than air: 1 liter at n. y. weighs 1.43 g, and 1 liter of air - 1.29 g.
• Poorly soluble in water (fish breathe oxygen dissolved in water, 5 liters of oxygen dissolve in 100 liters of water at a temperature of 0 degrees).
• boiling t \u003d - 182.9 degrees.
• melting t \u003d - 218.8 degrees.

• 2 HgO \u003d 2 Hg + O 2
• 2 H 2 O 2 \u003d 2 H 2 O + O 2 (cat. MnO 2)
• 2 KClO 3 \u003d 2 KCl + 3 O 2 (cat. MnO 2)
• 2 H 2 O \u003d 2 H 2 + O 2
• 2 KNO 3 \u003d 2 KNO 2 + O 2

2 KMnO 4 = K 2 MNO 4 +MnO 2 +O 2

Catalysts are substances

which speed up chemical reactions, but at the same time

are not spent.

• An old Arab was dying. All his wealth consisted of 17 beautiful camels. Before his death, he announced his last will to his sons: “My eldest son, the support of the family, should receive half of the herd of camels, I leave a third for the middle one, and a ninth of the herd for the youngest.” Said so and died...

• The brothers, having buried their father, began to divide the inheritance. But 17 is not divisible by 2, 3, or 9.
• The sage helped them by giving the brothers his camel. They had 18 animals.
• 18: 2 = 9,
• 18: 3 = 6,
• 18: 9 = 2.
• 9+6+2 = 17!
• The camel donated to the scientists played the role of a catalyst.

Obtaining oxygen in industry

• Boiling point of nitrogen -196ºС
• Boiling point of oxygen -183ºС
• Air

• Cooling up to

• Liquid oxygen and gaseous nitrogen

• How can a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen be separated?

Oxygen

1 option.

• Chemical sign for oxygen: a) N b) O c) K
• The relative molecular weight of oxygen is: a) 16 b) 32 c) 48
• a) lighter than air b) poorly soluble in water;

c) does not support combustion.

4. Name "Oxygenium" suggested:

5. What substances does the chemical element oxygen form? a) only simple substances;

b) simple and complex substances;

c) only complex substances.

Answers: Option 1 - b, b, b, b, b.

Oxygen

Option 2.

• The formula of the oxygen molecule: a) Oh 2 b) O c) O 3
• The relative atomic mass of oxygen is: a) 16 b) 32 c) 48
• Oxygen has the following properties: a) heavier than air b) highly soluble in water; c) does not support breathing.
• Oxygen in water: a) slightly soluble; b) highly soluble;

c) does not dissolve at all.

5. In 1774, one scientist after an experiment

wrote: “But what struck me the most was that

the candle burned in this air amazingly brilliant

flame…” It was: a) Priestley b) Lavoisier c) Scheele.

Answers: Option 2 - a, a, a, a, a.

• Every year, as a result of photosynthesis, 3,000 billion tons of oxygen enter the Earth's atmosphere.
• The main suppliers of oxygen are tropical forests and ocean phytoplankton.
• A person inhales about 750 liters of oxygen per day.
• The complete passage of atmospheric oxygen through the biological cycle is 2000 years!

Homework

§18, 19, 20 (physical properties),

exercise 1 - 3 (p. 59).

• Write a fairy tale about the adventures of oxygen or an essay "What can I do to keep clean air on planet Earth?"

Lesson #2

Oxygen

travel

in "The World of Wonderful Substance".

• "Experimental-experimental".

Chemical properties oxygen.

I. Interaction with non-metals:

• M.V. Lomonosov determined that oxygen oxidizes substances, i.e. enters into an oxidation reaction.

sulfur burns in oxygen.

II. interaction with metals.

Combustion of iron in oxygen.

combustion of calcium in oxygen.

3Fe + 2O 2 = Fe 3 O 4

2Ca+O 2 = 2CaO

• What is combustion?
• What was common in combustion reactions?

• What is formed as a result of all reactions?

• Oxides.

oxides are different. Solid, liquid, gaseous. Named differently And the properties are different. But in one they are one Together they are called oxides.

SO 2

Na 2 O

N 2 O 5

Fe 2 O 3

"Third wheel".

Determine the excess. Motivate your answer.

• CaO, CH 4 , N 2 O
• SiO 2 , O 2 , N 2 O
• KOH, RvO, CO
• Al 2 O 3 , ZnО, HCl

"Find a match."

• Find a match between the oxide formula and its name. In your notebooks, write down the corresponding letter to the number.

• 1) SO 3 a. nitric oxide (IV)
• 2) ZnО b. sodium oxide
• 3) NO 2 With. sulfur(VI) oxide
• 4) SO 2 d. zinc oxide
• 5) Na 2 About e. sulfur oxide (IV)

Did you do the right thing?

• 1) SO 3 With. sulfur(VI) oxide
• 2) ZnO d. zinc oxide
• 3) NO 2 a. nitric oxide (IV)
• 4) SO 2 e. sulfur(IV) oxide 5) Na 2 O b. sodium oxide

Homework

§ 20 - 21, no. 4 - 12, ass. No. 1 - 3 (p. 60);

prepare for practical

work No. 3, p. 70.

Back forward

Attention! The slide preview is for informational purposes only and may not represent the full extent of the presentation. If you are interested in this work, please download the full version.

The presentation "Oxygen" can be used by a chemistry teacher in the educational process as an educational electronic thematic aid:

• at chemistry lessons when explaining new and consolidating the material covered on the topic "Chemistry of simple substances. Oxygen";
• in extracurricular work - in extracurricular activities and circles;
• in individual lessons with students;
• in preparing students for practical work on obtaining, collecting and detecting gaseous substances.

So, for example, an explanation of new material in the lesson "Oxygen" can be carried out on the basis of a conversation with students. The teacher can build it around a recurring question - what do you know about:? And then there is the question or questions that are presented in the "Appendix" of the presentation. The teacher can rephrase questions, change their sequence, reduce their total volume. The teacher supplements the answers of the students with his story and showing the appropriate slides. The explanation of the new material can also be carried out according to another scheme: a slide show (slides), then a teacher's story with elements of a conversation; or - first a teacher's story, then a slide show (slides) and a conversation with students (if appropriate).

The teacher can pause the presentation to show demonstration experiments or video experiments, and then resume working with it.

For greater interest of students in obtaining knowledge on the topic and activating them in the lesson, the teacher invites them to do their homework of a creative nature in advance. The task in the form of questions is offered to the whole class, or it is distributed among class groups. Students must prepare answers to questions. Questions are, for example:

1. Who discovered oxygen and how? What historical time was it?

2. What should be understood by the cycle of elements in nature? How is the oxygen cycle carried out in nature?

3. What interesting things do you know about oxygen and ozone? What important functions do these two substances perform on Earth?

The teacher can also repeat the material covered on the topic "Chemistry of Simple Substances. Oxygen" on the basis of the presentation. The questions that are presented in the "Appendix" of the presentation "Oxygen" (slides No. 33 - 34) can be selectively used in the frontal survey of students. If there are difficulties with the answers of students, then there is an opportunity to return to the consideration of this issue on the basis of the corresponding slide. The presence of hyperlinks will make it easier to find the desired slide.

The presentation "Oxygen" can also be used by students in distance learning, when doing homework, preparing for tests and practical work, self-testing their knowledge on the topic. For each question of the "Questionnaire" from the "Appendix" of the presentation, an answer is offered - it can be found using a hyperlink: the desired slide opens.

The presence of such an electronic manual as the presentation "Oxygen" in the chemistry classroom allows the teacher to reduce the time to prepare for the lesson, increase students' interest in studying the topic, increase the level of learning and the quality of students' knowledge.

Application in the presentation "Questionnaire for the topic" Oxygen "(with hyperlinks to slides)

1. Name the eighth element of the "Periodic Table of Chemical Elements of D.I. Mendeleev" (slide No. 4)

2. By whom and when was oxygen discovered? (slides #6 - 9)

3. Why was element #8 named oxygen? (slide number 5)

4. Where and in what form (free or bound) does oxygen occur in nature? (slides #10 - 11)

5. What is the composition of atmospheric air? (slide number 12)

6. What is the composition of the air exhaled by a person? (slide number 13)

7. List the air pollutants you know? (slide number 14)

8. Characterize oxygen as a chemical element (slide No. 15)

9. What allotropic modifications of oxygen do you know? (slide number 16)

10. What are the remarkable properties of ozone, unlike oxygen? (slides #16-17)

11. On what physical properties of oxygen are the methods of collecting it based? How can oxygen be detected? (slide number 18)

12. How is oxygen obtained in the laboratory? (slides #19 - 21)

13. How is oxygen produced in industry? (slide number 22)

14. List the most important chemical properties of oxygen. What is oxidation? What products are usually obtained in the reactions of oxidation of substances with oxygen? (slides #23 - 24)

15. What is meant by the redox abilities of oxygen? What functions predominate in it? Give examples. (slide number 25)

16. What conditions contribute to the onset and cessation of combustion? Why is the burning rate of substances in oxygen higher than in air? (slide number 26)

17. What is the difference between combustion and slow oxidation processes? (slide number 27)

18. What conclusions can be drawn from the chemical properties of oxygen? (slide number 28)

19. Why is oxygen referred to as the "elements of life"? (slide number 29)

20. What is the most important function of oxygen on Earth? (slide number 30)

21. List the applications of oxygen (slide No. 31)

22. How do you understand the essence of the oxygen cycle in nature? (slide number 32)

slide presentation

Slide text: The presentation was prepared by a 9th grade student of the Lyceum of Otradnoye Smirnova Roxana

Slide text: Oxygen as an element. 1. The element oxygen is in group VI, main subgroup, period II, serial number No. 8, 2. Atomic structure: P11 = 8; n01 = 8; ē = 8 valency II, oxidation state -2 (rarely +2; +1; -1). 3. Included in oxides, bases, salts, acids, organic substances, including living organisms - up to 65% by weight.

Slide text: Oxygen as an element. Oxygen is the most abundant element on our planet. By weight, it accounts for about half of the total mass of all elements of the earth's crust. Air composition: O2 - 20-21%; N2 - 78%; CO2 - 0.03%, the rest is inert gases, water vapor, impurities. 4. In earth's crust its 49% by mass, in the hydrosphere - 89% by mass. 5. In the composition of air (in the form of a simple substance) - 20-21% by volume. 6. Included in most mineral and rocks(sand, clay, etc.). As part of air (in the form of a simple substance). 7. A vital element for all organisms, contained in most organic substances, is involved in many biochemical processes that ensure the development and functioning of life. 8. Oxygen was discovered in 1769-1771. Swedish chemist K.-V. Scheele

Slide text: Physical properties. Oxygen is a reactive non-metal and is the lightest element of the chalcogen group. A simple substance oxygen under normal conditions is a colorless, tasteless and odorless gas, the molecule of which consists of two oxygen atoms, in connection with which it is also called dioxygen. Liquid oxygen has a light blue color, and solid oxygen is light blue crystals.

Slide text: Chemical properties. With non-metals C + O2 CO2 S + O2 SO2 2H2 + O2 2H2O With complex substances 4FeS2 + 11O2 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2 2H2S + 3O2 2SO2 + 2H2O CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O oxygen is called oxidation. All elements react with oxygen, except for Au, Pt, He, Ne and Ar; in all reactions (except for interaction with fluorine), oxygen is an oxidizing agent. 1. Unstable: O3 O2 + O 2. Strong oxidizing agent: 2KI + O3 + H2O 2KOH + I2 + O2 Discolors dyes, reflects UV rays, destroys microorganisms.

Slide text: Methods of obtaining. Industrial method (distillation of liquid air). Laboratory method (decomposition of some oxygen-containing substances) 2KClO3 –t; MnO2 2KCl + 3O2 2H2O2 –MnO2 2H2O + O2

Slide text: Checking the collected oxygen. Obtaining 3O2 2O3 During a thunderstorm (in nature), (in the laboratory) in a potassium permanganate ozonizer when heated: 2KMnO4 –t K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 This salt decomposes when it is heated above 2000 C.

Slide text: Application of oxygen: Widely used in medicine and industry. During high-altitude flights, pilots are supplied with special devices with oxygen. In many lung and heart diseases, as well as during operations, oxygen is inhaled from oxygen bags. Submarines supply oxygen in cylinders. The combustion of loose combustible material impregnated with liquid oxygen is accompanied by an explosion, which makes it possible to use oxygen in blasting. Liquid oxygen is used in jet engines, in autogenous welding and cutting of metals, even under water.

slide 1

slide 2

slide 3

slide 4

slide 5

slide 6

Slide 7